Analysis · over time

How elections changed

Manipur, 1967–2022. 13 general elections tracked.

Turnout

88.83%

↑ 2.71 pts from previous

Median margin

5.65%

↓ 1.15 pts from previous

Effective parties

4.5

↑ 0.75 from previous

NOTA

0.56%

↑ 0.01 pts from previous

Women elected

8.33%

↑ 5.0 pts from previous

[01]Turnout

Weighted votes ÷ electors, election by election

2022 88.83%60 seats

2017 86.12%60 seats

2012 79.9%60 seats

2007 86.69%60 seats

2002 90.38%60 seats

2000 89.87%60 seats

1995 91.41%60 seats

1990 89.95%54 seats

1984 87.29%60 seats

1980 82.42%60 seats

1974 82.84%60 seats

1972 74.28%60 seats

1967 64.77%30 seats

[02]How close the contests were

Median winning margin, election by election

2022 5.65%60 seats

2017 6.8%60 seats

2012 7.35%60 seats

2007 6.95%60 seats

2002 5.2%60 seats

2000 6.65%60 seats

1995 6.3%60 seats

1990 6.6%54 seats

1984 6.1%60 seats

1980 6.0%60 seats

1974 6.25%60 seats

1972 8.06%60 seats

1967 6.58%30 seats

[03]Ballot crowding

Candidates per seat over time

2022 4.4265 candidates

2017 4.4266 candidates

2012 4.7279 candidates

2007 5.1308 candidates

2002 6.1368 candidates

2000 6.7401 candidates

1995 5.8347 candidates

1990 4.7254 candidates

1984 6.1364 candidates

1980 6.7401 candidates

1974 4.4265 candidates

1972 4.4262 candidates

1967 5.2156 candidates

[04]Party fragmentation

Effective number of parties by vote share

2022 4.57 of 14 won seats

2017 3.77 of 18 won seats

2012 4.36 of 19 won seats

2007 5.17 of 19 won seats

2002 6.810 of 16 won seats

2000 6.911 of 16 won seats

1995 5.910 of 15 won seats

1990 4.77 of 10 won seats

1984 3.46 of 10 won seats

1980 5.38 of 10 won seats

1974 5.07 of 9 won seats

1972 4.26 of 8 won seats

1967 2.84 of 6 won seats

[05]NOTA

None of the above, as a share of votes cast

2022 0.56%10,349 votes

2017 0.55%9,062 votes

[06]Deposits lost

Share of candidates polling under a sixth of valid votes

2022 42.64%113 of 265

2017 45.49%121 of 266

2012 46.95%131 of 279

2007 49.35%152 of 308

2002 55.71%205 of 368

2000 61.35%246 of 401

1995 52.16%181 of 347

1990 40.55%103 of 254

1984 55.5%202 of 364

1980 60.85%244 of 401

1974 36.98%98 of 265

1972 39.7%104 of 262

1967 50.0%78 of 156

[07]Women elected

Share of winners who are women

2022 8.33%60 seats

2017 3.33%60 seats

2012 5.0%60 seats

2002 1.67%60 seats

2000 1.67%60 seats

1990 1.85%54 seats

[08]Incumbent re-election rate

Share of sitting members who won again

2022 55.17%32 of 58 re-elected

2017 52.63%30 of 57 re-elected

2012 50.0%26 of 52 re-elected

2007 42.59%23 of 54 re-elected

2002 29.09%16 of 55 re-elected

2000 51.85%28 of 54 re-elected

1995 28.89%13 of 45 re-elected

1990 39.13%18 of 46 re-elected

1984 46.3%25 of 54 re-elected

1980 36.96%17 of 46 re-elected

1974 46.34%19 of 41 re-elected

1972 50.0%5 of 10 re-elected

[09]Computed insights

Arithmetic over the series above, not commentary

Turnout has risen for three elections running: 79.9% (2012) → 86.12% (2017) → 88.83% (2022).
three consecutive rises
Women's share of elected members peaked at 8.33% in 2022 — the current high-water mark.
peak 8.33% in 2022
In 2022, 55.17% of sitting members who re-stood were re-elected — above the series average of 44.08%.
55.17 vs avg 44.08 across 12 elections
NOTA peaked at 0.56% in 2022 — 10,349 voters chose none of the above.
highest NOTA share across 2 elections
The highest deposit-loss rate was 61.35% in 2000: 246 of 401 candidates polled under a sixth of the valid vote.
peak deposit losses in 2000